CentOS+nginx+uwsgi+Python 多站点环境搭建
06-16
环境：
CentOS X64 6.4
nginx 1.5.6
Python 2.7.5
一：安装需要的类库及Python2.7.5
安装必要的开发包
yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readLINE-devel tk-devel
CentOS 自带Python2.6.6，但我们可以再安装Python2.7.5：
cd ~
wget http://python.org/ftp/python/2.7.5/Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
tar xvf Python-2.7.5.tar.bz2
cd Python-2.7.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make && make altinstall
安装完毕后，可是使用”python2.7”命令进入python2.7的环境。
二：安装Python包管理
easy_install包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/distribute
方便安装Python的开发包
cd ~
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/d/distribute/distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
tar xf distribute-0.6.49.tar.gz
cd distribute-0.6.49
python2.7 setup.py install
easy_install --version
红色部分必须是“python2.7”，否则将安装到默认的2.6环境内。
pip包 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pip
安装pip的好处是可以pip list、pip uninstall 管理Python包， easy_install没有这个功能，只有uninstall
easy_install pip
pip --version
三：安装uwsgi
uwsgi:https://pypi.python.org/pypi/uWSGI
uwsgi参数详解：http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Options.html
pip install uwsgi
uwsgi --version
测试uwsgi是否正常：
新建test.py文件，内容如下：
def application(env, start_response):
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')])
return "Hello World"
然后在终端运行：
uwsgi --http :8001 --wsgi-file test.py
在浏览器内输入：http://127.0.0.1:8001，看是否有“Hello World”输出，若没有输出，请检查你的安装过程。
四：安装django
pip install django
测试django是否正常，运行：
django-admin.py startproject demosite
cd demosite
python2.7 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002
在浏览器内输入：http://127.0.0.1:8002，检查django是否运行正常。
五：安装nginx
cd ~
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
tar xf nginx-1.5.6.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.5.6
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx-1.5.6
--with-http_stub_status_module
--with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
六：配置uwsgi
uwsgi支持ini、xml等多种配置方式，但个人感觉ini更方便：
在/ect/目录下新建uwsgi9090.ini，添加如下配置：
[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:9090
master = true //主进程
vhost = true //多站模式
no-stie = true //多站模式时不设置入口模块和文件
workers = 2 //子进程数
reload-mercy = 10
vacuum = true //退出、重启时清理文件
max-requests = 1000
limit-as = 512
buffer-sizi = 30000
pidfile = /var/run/uwsgi9090.pid //pid文件，用于下面的脚本启动、停止该进程
daemonize = /website/uwsgi9090.log
设置uwsgi开机启动，在/ect/init.d/目录下新建uwsgi9090文件，内容如下：
#! /bin/sh
# chkconfig: 2345 55 25
# Description: Startup script for uwsgi webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and
# run 'update-rc.d -f uwsgi defaults', or use the appropriate command on your
# distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add uwsgi'
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: uwsgi
# Required-Start: $all
# Required-Stop: $all
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the uwsgi web server
# Description: starts uwsgi using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
# Author: licess
# website: http://lnmp.org
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DESC="uwsgi daemon"
NAME=uwsgi9090
DAEMON=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi
CONFIGFILE=/etc/$NAME.ini
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
set -e
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
do_start() {
$DAEMON $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "uwsgi already running"
}
do_stop() {
$DAEMON --stop $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi not running"
rm -f $PIDFILE
echo "$DAEMON STOPED."
}
do_reload() {
$DAEMON --reload $PIDFILE || echo -n "uwsgi can't reload"
}
do_status() {
ps aux|grep $DAEMON
}
case "$1" in
status)
echo -en "Status $NAME: n"
do_status
;;
start)
echo -en "Starting $NAME: n"
do_start
;;
stop)
echo -en "Stopping $NAME: n"
do_stop
;;
reload|graceful)
echo -en "Reloading $NAME: n"
do_reload
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
exit 0
然后在终端执行：
-- 添加服务
chkconfig --add uwsgi9090
-- 设置开机启动
chkconfig uwsgi9090 on
七：设置nginx
找到nginx的安装目录，打开conf/nginx.conf文件，修改server配置
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
location / {
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9090; //必须和uwsgi中的设置一致
uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT demosite.wsgi; //入口文件，即wsgi.py相对于项目根目录的位置，“.”相当于一层目录
uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /demosite; //项目根目录
index index.html index.htm;
client_max_body_size 35m;
}
}
设置nginx开机启动，在/ect/init.d/目录下新建nginx文件，内容如下：
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/opt/nginx-1.5.6/conf/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
然后在终端执行：
-- 添加服务
chkconfig --add nginx
-- 设置开机启动
chkconfig nginx on
八：测试
OK，一切配置完毕，在终端运行
service uwsgi9090 start
service nginx start
在浏览器输入：http://127.0.0.1，恭喜你可以看到django的“It work”了~
九：其他配置
防火墙设置
CentOS默认关闭外部对80、3306等端口的访问，所以要在其他计算机访问这台服务器，就必须修改防火墙配置，打开/etc/sysconfig/iptables
在“-A INPUT –m state --state NEW –m tcp –p –dport 22 –j ACCEPT”，下添加：
-A INPUT m state --state NEW m tcp p dport 80 j ACCEPT
-A INPUT m state --state NEW m tcp p dport 3306 j ACCEPT
然后保存，并关闭该文件，在终端内运行下面的命令，刷新防火墙配置：
service iptables restart
安装Mysqldb
yum -y install mysql-devel
easy_install-2.7 MySQL-python
注意红色部分，easy_install-2.7,否则它将默认安装到Python2.6环境内。